全域旅游示范区空间分布特征及影响因素分析

［目的］全域旅游示范区的确立为旅游业增添了新的旅游吸引模式，成为新时期我国旅游产业转型升级的重要途径之一。［方法］文章利用ArcGIS102，运用最邻近距离法、不均衡指数、核密度分析、等方法，对标记在地图上的500个全域旅游示范区的空间分布特征进行分析，并探究其空间分布差异的影响因素。［结果］（1）示范区空间分布不均衡，呈典型的聚集型分布，从区域角度来看，西部地区示范区数量多于东部地区，中部地区相对较少，与传统认知上的示范区分布格局存在一定错位； （2）示范区空间分布密度存在明显差异，其中江浙皖、湘赣交界、晋豫交界、陕渝交界等地区示范区聚集最多，形成显著的高密度区； （3）示范区规模度差距较大，上海、北京、江苏、天津等省市规模度较大，其他省市规模度较小； （4）示范区空间分布受到资源禀赋、区位交通、社会经济、政策环境等因素影响较大，呈现“傍景”“环路”的分布格局。［结论］全域旅游示范区空间分布不均衡，各省市既要挖掘自身核心竞争力，也要加强区域协调发展，突出示范区模范带头作用，达到辐射周边市县的效果，实现全域旅游资源优化配置。     

数字化时代工作特征、个体特征与员工数字化创造力 -创新自我效能感的中介作用和性别的调节作用

本文以长三角地区多家企业的228名员工作为研究对象,通过问卷调研的形式对工作特征、个体特征与员工数字化创造力之间的关系,在这些关系中创新自我效能感所起到的中介作用以及性别在这一中介机制中起到的调节作用进行了实证检验,结果表明,工作特征中的工作自主性和任务多样性以及个体特征中的个体数字化技术知识分别对员工数字化创造力有显著的正向影响作用,创新自我效能感在其中起重要的中介作用,同时性别在工作特征与创新自我效能感之间起调节作用,男性更容易受到任务多样性的影响,而女性创新自我效能感的产生更易受到工作自主性的影响。     

An asymmetrical approach to understanding configurations of customer loyalty in the airline industry

This study employs fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to examine asymmetrical relationships among service attributes, relationship quality, and customer loyalty in the airline industry. The study incorporates customers’ demographics and psychological variables to model customer loyalty. Customer loyalty is operationalised as behavioural and attitudinal dimensions in order to capture customers’ actual behaviours and behavioural intentions. Symmetrical testing is also used to compare findings with those from fsQCA application. The study provides various causal recipes or configurations for predicting relationship quality and customer loyalty. The comparison between symmetrical and asymmetrical findings presents deeper and more insightful information. These findings provide useful guidelines and references for the relevant researchers and practitioners. The study also contributes to the literature by utilising symmetrical and asymmetrical tools to advance understanding of antecedent conditions of relationship quality and customer loyalty.     

Disentangling location-based advertising: the effects of location congruency and medium type on consumers' ad attention and brand choice

Research on location-based advertising (LBA) suggests that the merits of LBA lie in the fact that consumers can be targeted with location-congruent ads on their personal mobile devices. However, LBA consists of two underlying constructs: a mobile (vs. point-of-sales) advertising medium and location congruency (vs. location incongruency). This study aims to disentangle these underlying constructs by showing that they differentially affect the efficacy of an ad. Using a virtual reality lab experiment, this study shows that location-congruent ads result in increased choice for the target brand as compared to location-incongruent ads, independent of medium type. However, in location-incongruent situations, mobile ads attracted more attention than point-of-sales display ads. The advantages of LBA thus do not seem to emanate from medium type, but rather from the congruency between the ad and product location. When the ad is received at a different location than the product, the mobile medium is able to enhance consumers' ad attention.     

Are the BRIC countries overtaking intermediate countries in the race for international R&D? The case of Spain

The emergence of Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC) as international locations for foreign direct investment in R&D is a sign that multinationals are relocating their technological activities to new territories. This trend may weaken the supremacy of the developed countries until now considered leaders in innovation, and may mean the loss of the competitive advantages enjoyed by the countries considered intermediate innovators. This paper examines the situation of Spain as a typical intermediate economy and compares it to its main competitors among the BRICs. Based on eight case studies of subsidiaries with R&D centres in Spain, we conclude that the policies adopted by certain emerging economies to develop their national innovation systems are proving effective and that these countries now pose a threat to intermediate economies. However, the BRICs still lag behind in terms of the security of their institutional framework; this situation leaves intermediate countries in an advantageous position.     

中国城市宏观级差地租的形成机制

城市宏观级差地租是我国特殊国情下的创新理论。先梳理了城市宏观级差地租理论的发展和最新成果,在前人研究的基础上,提出一些新的理论观点。之后对城市宏观级差地租的概念进行了新的诠释,然后重点论述了城市宏观级差地租的形成机制,并结合我国实际情况,分别从城市区位级差地租、城市规模级差地租和城市功能级差地租三方面进行深入分析和论述,阐明了城市宏观级差地租形成的原因。最后总结了我国城市宏观级差地租理论创新的意义,指出中央政府对宏观级差地租理论的运用是缩小我国区域经济差距一个新的政策思路。     

An empirical analysis of tenant location patterns near department stores in planned regional shopping centers

The location of a store within a mall can affect the sales and profits of the store and its neighbors, and those of the mall׳s owner/developer. Because the interests of retail stores and the mall׳s owner/developer with respect to choice of location might not coincide, bargaining power might come into play. To assess empirically whether relative bargaining power as between a retail store and the mall owner/developer affects store location within a center, we focus on locations of stores near the department store tenants of malls. Department stores might have the bargaining power necessary to affect which tenants are chosen as neighbors of the department store.Using data collected from 148 regional shopping centers (malls) in 2007 in the five westernmost provinces of Canada, we examine the relationship between variables that reflect store location patterns near a department store׳s entrance, and variables associated with the bargaining power of developers. We find that the density of stores selling comparison shopping goods is larger near department stores within centers that are older or have a larger gross leasable area. In addition, such density is negatively related to the number of department stores contained in the center. Because a shopping center׳s age, gross leasable area, and the number of department stores in a center are expected to be associated with a developer׳s bargaining power, the above findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the store location patterns near department stores depend on the relative bargaining power of the developer and the department stores.     

Infrastructure development for alternative fuel vehicles on a highway road system

A new mathematical model for positioning alternative fuel (AF) refueling stations on directed-transportation networks with the objective of maximizing the coverage of path flow volume is proposed. This model is especially designed for developing an AF infrastructure on toll roads and other highways, where vehicles do not need to exit the road network for refueling, some candidate station locations are not located at interchanges, and some stations may only service vehicles on one driving direction. The proposed model is applied to the Pennsylvania Turnpike System using the 2011 truck traffic data and considering different vehicle driving ranges.     

Tourism expenditure patterns in China

Using China’s urban household survey data for 2002–2009, this study compares the impacts of the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of urban household expenditure on tourism in different age cohorts. The life cycle age profiles of group-tour and non-group tour expenditures are obtained by decomposing total household expenditure. The results show that the age profile of total tourism expenditure is hump-shaped, which conforms to consumers’ income discretionary expenditure cycles. The age profile of group-tour expenditure is hump-shaped whereas that of non-group tour expenditure is S-shaped, corresponding to the substitution of group and non-group tours as children grow older. The implications are discussed in the context of tourism marketing with a view to providing useful segmentation information for tourism decision makers.     

Pre-positioning of relief items in humanitarian logistics considering lateral transhipment opportunities

The main objective of this study is to investigate the inclusion of lateral transhipment opportunities into the humanitarian relief chain and to examine the effect of different parameters on minimizing the average distance travelled per item while serving the beneficiaries. Direct shipment model (DT), lateral transhipment model (LTSP) and maritime lateral transhipment model (MLTSP) are developed and compared between each other by using a real life earthquake scenario prepared for the city of Istanbul by JICA (Japanese International Cooperation Agency). Developed mathematical models decide on the locations and number of disaster relief facilities, quantity of relief items to hold at those facilities, and quantity of lateral transhipment between the facilities. Vulnerability of the roads and heterogeneous capacitated facilities are also considered. It can be concluded that both LTSP and MLTSP models gave better results than DT model and lateral transhipment option helps beneficiaries to obtain relief items faster and with higher service level.